a = (v_f - v_i) / t, where v_f is final velocity, v_i is initial velocity, and t is time.

Meters per second squared (m/s²).

Yes, negative acceleration indicates slowing down or deceleration.

Yes, it helps determine vehicle acceleration or braking rates.

Yes, it can compute acceleration due to gravity for objects in free fall.

Acceleration cannot be calculated with zero time; division by zero is undefined.

Yes, conversion options are available for both unit systems.

Yes, ideal for physics education, automotive, and dynamics analysis.

Yes, it finds average acceleration over a given time interval.

It estimates the velocity of an arrow based on bow draw weight, draw length, and arrow mass.

By estimating kinetic energy from bow efficiency and converting it to velocity using arrow mass.

Feet per second (fps) or meters per second (m/s).

Yes, heavier arrows travel slower but carry more energy.

Efficiency determines how much of the stored energy converts into arrow motion.

Yes, it works for compound, recurve, and traditional bows.

String type, brace height, draw length, and environmental conditions.

It’s recommended to verify actual speed and compare with calculator predictions.

Yes, understanding arrow speed helps in tuning and predicting arrow flight.

Yes, ideal for optimizing hunting setups and target shooting performance.

A dimensionless number that describes a projectile’s aerodynamic efficiency, combining sectional density and drag form factor.

BC = Sectional Density (SD) ÷ form factor (i).

SD = mass ÷ diameter²; relates mass to cross-sectional area.

A coefficient representing drag relative to a standard projectile shape.

Units cancel out so BC is dimensionless; mass and diameter must be consistent.

It helps predict bullet drop, wind drift, and retained velocity over distance.

Yes, if unit-conversion is built in before computing BC.

Higher BC (e.g. 0.5-1.0+) indicates better aerodynamic efficiency.

No, BC is fixed for a bullet shape and mass but may differ by drag model (G1, G7).

Yes, it helps reloaders evaluate bullet performance and ballistic trajectories.

It estimates how far a car will travel when launched from a ramp using projectile motion formulas.

You need to input car speed, ramp angle, and height from which the car jumps.

It uses physics equations for projectile motion to compute time, range, and trajectory.

Yes, it’s ideal for stunt planning, racing simulations, and vehicle dynamics analysis.

No, the basic model assumes no air resistance for simplicity.

Use consistent units — for example, meters for distance and meters per second for speed.

Yes, many versions also compute vertical velocity at impact.

It’s theoretically accurate, but real conditions like drag and tire friction affect results.

Yes, it’s perfect for learning projectile motion and real-world applications.

Yes, it’s optimized for mobile and desktop use.

The total momentum of an isolated system remains constant during interactions (no external impulse).

Masses and velocities (scalars for 1D or vector components for 2D), and collision type (elastic/inelastic).

Momentum p = m × v (vector form p = m·v⃗).

Yes — enter velocity components (vx, vy) and the tool solves momentum per axis.

Only in elastic collisions; inelastic collisions dissipate kinetic energy but conserve momentum.

A number (0≤e≤1) that quantifies relative speed after/before along the impact line; e=1 elastic, e=0 perfectly inelastic.

Yes — for two-body problems it returns final velocities using conservation laws and e if provided.

Yes — it shows intermediate steps, checks conservation, and explains energy loss for inelastic cases.

Use consistent units (SI: kg for mass, m/s for velocity) to get momentum in kg·m/s.

The basic conservation applies only if external impulses are negligible; otherwise include external impulse terms.

Density is mass per unit volume, expressed as ρ = m/V.

Divide an object's mass by its volume using the formula ρ = m/V.

The SI unit is kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³).

Yes, g/cm³ is commonly used for solids and liquids.

Yes, rearrange the formula: mass = density × volume.

Yes, volume = mass ÷ density.

At 4°C, water’s density is approximately 1000 kg/m³ or 1 g/cm³.

Temperature and pressure can change a material’s density, especially gases.

Yes, if you know the gas mass and occupied volume.

No, density measures compactness; weight depends on gravity.

Displacement is the vector that shows the shortest path between initial and final positions.

Subtract initial coordinates from final coordinates: Δx = x_f - x_i, Δy = y_f - y_i.

Distance is total path length; displacement is straight-line vector from start to end.

Yes, it computes magnitude and direction of the displacement vector.

Yes, simply enter x coordinates; the displacement is Δx = x_f - x_i.

Meters, centimeters, feet, or inches; ensure consistency between initial and final positions.

For 2D, θ = arctangent(Δy / Δx) gives angle from x-axis.

Yes, negative values indicate direction along the chosen coordinate axis.

Displacement is a vector; magnitude is scalar.

Yes, it helps students understand vectors, motion, and kinematics concepts.

It calculates range, height, and flight time of an object launched at an angle.

Initial velocity, launch angle, and gravity are the main required inputs.

No, it assumes ideal projectile motion without air resistance.

Some versions include visual plots of the projectile’s path.

Because it provides the optimal balance between vertical and horizontal velocity.

Use meters, seconds, and meters per second for consistent results.

Yes, it can estimate the speed when the projectile hits the ground.

Yes, it helps approximate bullet or object trajectories in ideal conditions.

Yes, it’s designed for easy educational and practical use.

Yes, it’s fully responsive and mobile-friendly.

It calculates system efficiency, entropy change, and energy conversion between heat reservoirs.

You need the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs, usually in Kelvin.

It uses the Carnot efficiency formula: η = 1 - (Tc/Th).

Yes, but it’s internally converted to Kelvin for accurate results.

Yes, it can calculate entropy change based on energy transfer values.

Yes, it helps analyze the coefficient of performance (COP) in cooling systems.

It provides ideal (theoretical) efficiency; actual systems are lower.

It’s the maximum theoretical efficiency achievable between two temperatures.

Engineers, physics students, and researchers studying thermodynamic cycles.

Yes, it’s optimized for both desktop and mobile devices.

It calculates the modulus of rigidity, showing how resistant a material is to shear deformation.

Shear stress (τ) and shear strain (γ).

G = τ / γ, where G is the shear modulus.

It’s measured in pascals (Pa) or gigapascals (GPa).

Yes, it’s widely used to test materials like steel, aluminum, and copper.

Yes, torsional stress-strain values can be used to compute G.

Yes, shear strain (γ) is dimensionless, representing deformation ratio.

Yes, higher temperatures usually reduce G in most materials.

Yes, it’s perfect for lab experiments and engineering coursework.

Yes, it works smoothly on both desktop and mobile devices.

It calculates parameters like displacement, velocity, acceleration, and time for oscillating systems.

Amplitude, angular frequency, phase angle, and time are needed.

It uses x = A sin(ωt + φ) and related SHM equations.

Yes, it computes both using derivatives of the displacement function.

No, it assumes ideal SHM without damping or friction.

Yes, it works for small-angle simple pendulum motion.

Displacement in meters, time in seconds, and angular frequency in rad/s.

Yes, it’s perfect for studying periodic and oscillatory systems.

Some versions include visual plots of displacement vs time.

Yes, it works smoothly on both desktop and mobile devices.

It calculates material stress using the applied force and cross-sectional area.

Stress (σ) = Force (F) / Area (A).

Stress is measured in pascals (Pa) or newtons per square meter (N/m²).

Yes, it works for both tensile and compressive load cases.

Yes, if you input shear force and area parallel to the applied load.

Mechanical engineers, civil engineers, and physics students.

Applied force in newtons and area in square meters.

Some versions include automatic unit conversion (e.g., mm² to m²).

Yes, it provides ideal stress values based on accurate input data.

Yes, it’s responsive and easy to use on both desktop and mobile.