How to Make Multi Volt Transformerless Power Supply | AC 240v to DC 12v Converter

Definition: A transformerless power supply converts a high AC input voltage single-phase line (120V or 230V) to the desired output DC low voltage (3V, 5V, or 12V) with a low current output in milliamps. It is used in low-power electronic applications like LED light bulbs, toys, and household appliances.

The bridge rectifier rectifies this 220V C to a higher 310V DC due to the RMS peak conversion of the AC waveform. This 310V DC is instantly reduced to a low-level DC by the next zener diode stage, which shunts it to the zener value. If a 12V zener is used, this will become 12V, and so on to output line.

You can step voltage down with a series capacitor or with a switchmode circuit and inductor, but it's usually important for a low-voltage circuit to be isolated from the AC line 220V.

The transformer will step down the voltage from 24V to 12V, and the rectifier will convert the AC to DC line. You can also use a voltage regulator to ensure a stable 12V output. Make sure to follow safety guidelines and consult with a professional if you're not familiar with electrical work for a single phase.

A rectifier is an electrical device that converts an alternating current (AC) line, which periodically reverses direction, to a direct current (DC) line. which flows in only one direction in an electrical line with a single phase.